{"id":11064,"date":"2024-07-05T13:56:54","date_gmt":"2024-07-05T10:56:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/?post_type=ova_sev&#038;p=11064"},"modified":"2024-07-08T14:36:15","modified_gmt":"2024-07-08T11:36:15","slug":"tekstilde-mikrobiyoloji","status":"publish","type":"ova_sev","link":"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/en\/services\/tekstilde-mikrobiyoloji\/","title":{"rendered":"Tekstilde Mikrobiyoloji"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"11064\" class=\"elementor elementor-11064\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-db2fe62 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db2fe62\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1944e15\" data-id=\"1944e15\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-56150ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"56150ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-af3cc77\" data-id=\"af3cc77\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a3c94f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a3c94f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 26-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Temel Mikrobiyoloji <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2ff0c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2ff0c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-89fb48c\" data-id=\"89fb48c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-156669d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"156669d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 26-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<div><h5 class=\"cvgsua\"><span class=\"oypena\"><b>Mikroorganizma Nedir?<\/b><\/span><\/h5><\/div><div><p class=\"cvgsua\"><span class=\"oypena\">\u00c7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen ancak mikroskop alt\u0131nda incelenebilen organizmalard\u0131r. Bakteriler, mayalar, k\u00fcfler, mikroalgler ve protozoalar temel mikroorganizmalard\u0131r. Vir\u00fcsler ve prionlar da bu gruba dahil edilmi\u015ftir. Tek bir h\u00fccreden milyonlarca h\u00fccre meydana gelerek \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen koloni denilen yap\u0131lar olu\u015fur. Ekme\u011fin \u00fczerindeki k\u00fcfler, re\u00e7elin \u00fczerindeki mayalar, iltihapl\u0131 sivilceler asl\u0131nda koloni denilen yap\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p><h5 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Vir\u00fcsler<\/strong><\/h5><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vir\u00fcsler, protein veya<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11066 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim30-300x136.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"136\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim30-300x136.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim30-18x8.jpg 18w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim30.jpg 468w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> kompleks bir yap\u0131dan (glikolipoprotein) olu\u015fan bir zar i\u00e7inde DNA veya RNA&#8217;lardan sadece birine sahip \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck enfeksiyon yap\u0131c\u0131 ajand\u0131r. Vir\u00fcslerde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7o\u011falmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak mekanizmalar ve molek\u00fcller olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, vir\u00fcsler canl\u0131 h\u00fccrelere ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r, yani zorunlu h\u00fccre i\u00e7i parazittir.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vir\u00fcsler, bakterilere g\u00f6re 10-20 kat daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr, antibiyotiklere duyarl\u0131 de\u011fillerdir ve k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131na ve kimyasal maddelere kar\u015f\u0131 bakterilerden daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131rlar. Vir\u00fcslerin herhangi bir h\u00fccresel organeli yoktur.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vir\u00fcslerde \u00fc\u00e7 temel yap\u0131sal \u00f6zellik g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p><ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> Kapsomer<\/strong>ler, bir araya gelerek genomu \u00e7evreleyen <strong>kapsid <\/strong>ad\u0131 verilen protein k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Baz\u0131 vir\u00fcslerde n\u00fckleokapsidi \u00e7evreleyen<strong> zarf <\/strong>bulunur.<\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> N\u00fckleik asitler<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vir\u00fcsler sarmal simetri, k\u00fcbik simetri, yayvan simetri ve karma\u015f\u0131k simetri \u015fekillerinde bulunur.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c87841 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c87841\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7db08e1\" data-id=\"7db08e1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea91339 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ea91339\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Bakteriler<\/strong><\/h5><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bakteriler, prokaryotik canl\u0131lard\u0131r. Prokaryotik kelimesi \u00e7ekirde\u011fe g\u00f6re yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir tan\u0131mlama olup, ilkel \u00e7ekirde\u011fe sahip olanlar anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Bakterilerin Anatomik Yap\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong><\/p><ol><li><strong>D\u0131\u015f yap\u0131lar: <\/strong>Peptidoglikan yap\u0131l\u0131 bir h\u00fccre duvar\u0131, hareketi sa\u011flayan kam\u00e7\u0131, tutunmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan pili, dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayan kaps\u00fcl.<\/li><li><strong>\u0130\u00e7 Yap\u0131lar:<\/strong> H\u00fccreyi da\u011f\u0131lmaktan koruyan h\u00fccre zar\u0131, sitoplazma, ribozom, mezozom, halkasal DNA ve RNA genetik materyali, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck DNA par\u00e7as\u0131 olan plasmid, k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015fartlarda olu\u015fan spor.<\/li><\/ol><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ayr\u0131ca, bakteriler morfolojilerine g\u00f6re yuvarlak, \u00e7ubuk ve sarmal bi\u00e7iminde grupland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11067 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim31-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim31-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim31-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim31-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim31.jpg 818w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bakteriler, h\u00fccre duvar\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re de <strong>Gram (-) Bakteriler<\/strong> ve <strong>Gram (+) Bakteriler<\/strong> olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bakterileri ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan boyama tekni\u011finin ad\u0131, Gram Boyama Y\u00f6ntemi\u2019dir.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gram Boyama Y\u00f6ntemi d\u00f6rt ad\u0131mdan olu\u015fur;<\/p><ol><li>Kristal viyole ile <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11071 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim33-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim33-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim33-768x577.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim33-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim33.jpg 935w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>boyama.<\/li><li>Lugol \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile<\/li><li>%96&#8217;l\u0131k\u00a0etil alkolile y\u0131kama.<\/li><li>Safranin ile boyama.<\/li><\/ol><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gram pozitif bakterileri, h\u00fccre duvar\u0131nda bulunan a\u011fs\u0131 ve kat kat peptidoglikan tabakas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 kristal viyole\u00a0boya par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tutar. Gram-negatif bakterileri ise, ince bir\u00a0peptidoglikan\u00a0tabakas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 boyay\u0131 tutamaz. Ayr\u0131ca, Gram-negatif bakterilerde\u00a0lipid\u00a0yap\u0131da bir d\u0131\u015f zar vard\u0131r.<\/p><div><p>Alkol uygulamas\u0131 ile Gram pozitif bekterilerin h\u00fccre duvar\u0131 su kaybedip b\u00fcz\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve b\u00f6ylelikle boya tanecikleri molek\u00fcllerin aras\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Gram negatif bakterilerdeki ince peptidoglikan tabakas\u0131 boya par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 tutamaz. Alkol uygulamas\u0131yla birlikte d\u0131\u015f zardaki lipitler \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnerek boya da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r ve h\u00fccrenin rengi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Renk a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan safranin uygulan\u0131r ve bu boya rengi a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f h\u00fccreleri boyayarak pembe-k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 halde mikroskopta g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lar. Gram pozitifler bakteriler ise, kristal viyole ile mora boyand\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ikinci boya onlar\u0131n rengini etkilemez.<\/p><\/div><div><p><span class=\"oypena\">Zararl\u0131 bakterilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yararl\u0131 bakteriler de mevcuttur. G\u0131da (peynir, tur\u015fu, sirke, \u015farap, yo\u011furt) at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma, ila\u00e7, biyoteknoloji (ins\u00fclin gibi tedavi ama\u00e7l\u0131 proteinlerin \u00fcretimi) gibi alanlarda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p><h5 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Mayalar<\/strong><\/h5><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6karyotik (ger\u00e7ek \u00e7ekirde\u011fe sahip olanlar) yani genetik materyalleri bir zar ile \u00e7evrilmi\u015f, farkl\u0131 fonksiyonlara sahip organelleri olan, tek h\u00fccreli ve mantarlar alemi i\u00e7erisinde yer alan canl\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mayalar bakterilerden daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Mayalar pH de\u011feri 3-7.5 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen ortamlarda metabolizmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilirler ve genel olarak 3-47\u00b0C aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k derecelerinde geli\u015firler. Mayalarda, temel h\u00fccre yap\u0131lar\u0131na ek h\u00fccre duvar\u0131 da bulunur.<\/p><p>Ekmek mayas\u0131<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0ekmek imalat\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. En yayg\u0131n maya olarak\u00a0<\/span><em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span>Bira mayas\u0131<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0bira fermantasyonunda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Maya \u015farap yap\u0131m\u0131nda da kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p><h5 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>K\u00fcfler<\/strong><\/h5><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u00fcfler \u00f6karyotik, h\u00fccre<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11072 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim34-300x209.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim34-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim34-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim34.jpg 763w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> duvar\u0131na sahip ve do\u011fada hemen her yere yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halde bulunan mantarlar aleminin i\u00e7erisinde yer alan canl\u0131lard\u0131r. K\u00fcf h\u00fccreleri yan yana dizilerek hif ad\u0131 verilen h\u00fccre iplik\u00e7iklerini olu\u015ftururken, \u00f6zellikle\u00a0havaya da\u011f\u0131lan spor yap\u0131lar\u0131 ise,\u00a0nemli\u00a0ve besinli ortamlarda \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-57fd3b5\" data-id=\"57fd3b5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a6f0fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a6f0fa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c96826\" data-id=\"5c96826\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4b611a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4b611a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Besinlerin bozulmas\u0131na<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11073 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim37-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim37-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim37-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim37.jpg 766w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> sebep olduklar\u0131 gibi \u00e7evredeki at\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcterek do\u011faya katk\u0131da bulunurlar.\u00a0Ayr\u0131ca, g\u0131da ve ila\u00e7 gibi alanlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Penisilin, <em>Penicillium notatum<\/em> adl\u0131 k\u00fcfle ke\u015ffedilen antibiyotiktir. <em>Penicillium roqueforti<\/em> gibi baz\u0131 k\u00fcfler peynir yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <em>Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Alternaria ve Claviceps<\/em> gibi k\u00fcf cinslerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu do\u011fal toksinler, insan ve hayvan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve \u00e7e\u015fitli toksik etkiler yaratmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><h5 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mikroalgler<\/h5><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mikroalgler g\u00f6zle <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11074 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim38-300x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim38-300x223.png 300w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim38-768x571.png 768w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim38-16x12.png 16w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim38.png 870w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen mikroskobik alglerdir. Tatl\u0131 su ve denizde ya\u015fayan mikroalgler, tek tek, zincir \u015feklinde ya da gruplar halinde bulunur. Fotosentez\u00a0yapabilen primer \u00fcretici mikroalgler,\u00a0yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki ya\u015fam i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir; atmosferik oksijenin yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretirler.\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6karyotik olan mikroalglerin h\u00fccre duvar\u0131, farkl\u0131 fonkiyonlara sahip organellerden olu\u015fan sitoplazmas\u0131, DNA ve RNA bar\u0131nd\u0131ran \u00e7ekirde\u011fi vard\u0131r.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mikroalglerin yap\u0131s\u0131nda omega-3 ve omega-6 doymam\u0131\u015f ya\u011f asitleri vard\u0131r.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mikroalgler ayr\u0131ca A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, E, folik asit gibi insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli vitaminleri i\u00e7erir. G\u0131da takviyesi olarak, biyodizel yap\u0131m\u0131nda, ila\u00e7, kozmetik ve boya sanayinde, hayvan yemi yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Protozoalar<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6karyotik, tek h\u00fccreli ve mikroskobik canl\u0131lard\u0131r. Tek h\u00fccreli olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00e7ok h\u00fccrelilerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen ya\u015famsal i\u015flevlerin bir\u00e7o\u011funu yapabilirler.\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sitoplazmalar\u0131ndaki organeller ile hareket,\u00a0sindirim,\u00a0bo\u015falt\u0131m\u00a0gibi hayatsal faaliyetlerini sa\u011flarlar. \u00a0\u00c7o\u011fu bir \u00e7ekirdeklidir. Organel\u00a0olarak \u00e7ekirdek,\u00a0endoplazmik retikulum,\u00a0ribozom,\u00a0golgi ayg\u0131t\u0131,\u00a0mitokondri,\u00a0lizozom,\u00a0peroksizom,\u00a0mikrot\u00fcb\u00fcller\u00a0ve\u00a0filamentler\u00a0bulundururlar. Hareket organelleri olarak\u00a0yalanc\u0131ayaklar,\u00a0kam\u00e7\u0131lar,\u00a0siller,\u00a0sirler\u00a0ve\u00a0tentak\u00fcller\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beslenme \u015fekillerinde ototrof, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck\u00e7\u00fcl, parazit, kommensal (bir canl\u0131n\u0131n yarar sa\u011flay\u0131p, di\u011ferinin herhangi bir \u015fekilde etkilenmedi\u011fi ya\u015fam \u015fekli), miksotrof (Klorofil ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde, heterotrof olarak da beslenebilen canl\u0131lar)\u00a0ya da\u00a0heterotrof (Besinlerini kendi kendilerine sentezleyemeyen canl\u0131lar)\u00a0beslenme g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bo\u015falt\u0131mda en belirgin \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, ritmik olarak \u015fi\u015fen ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclen vurgan (kontraktil)\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kofullar\u0131n\u00a0bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hem karada hem sularda ya\u015farlar. Amip, \u00f6glena ve terliksi hayvan protozoalara \u00f6rnek canl\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11075\" src=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim40-300x195.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim40-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim40-768x501.png 768w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim40-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim40.png 770w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11076\" src=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim41-300x230.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"254\" height=\"195\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11077\" src=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim42-300x224.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"262\" height=\"195\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-883ecad elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"883ecad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Mikrobiyolojide Baz\u0131 Kavramlar<\/strong><\/h5><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mikroorganizmalar toprakta,\u00a0havada, insan v\u00fccudunda ve t\u00fcm \u00e7evremizde bulunabilir. T\u00fcm canl\u0131larda oldu\u011fu gibi uygun ortamlarda beslenerek \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r ve bulunduklar\u0131 yerde kendilerine zararl\u0131 olabilecek \u00e7e\u015fitli etkenlere kar\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fam sava\u015f\u0131 vererek soylar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 spor te\u015fkil ederek d\u0131\u015f ortamda y\u0131llarca canl\u0131 kalabilir.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Dezenfeksiyon:<\/strong> Bakteri<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11082 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim50-300x194.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim50-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim50-768x497.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim50-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim50.jpg 843w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> sporlar\u0131 hari\u00e7 hastal\u0131k yapan ve yapmayan mikroorganizmalar\u0131n kimyasal, \u0131s\u0131l ya da \u0131\u015f\u0131nlama yoluyla ortamdan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015flemidir. Dezenfeksiyon i\u015fleminde kullan\u0131lan kimyasal maddelere <strong>dezenfektan<\/strong> denir. Dezenfektan\u0131n etkinli\u011fi uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczey, mikroorganizma \u00e7e\u015fidi, dezenfektan\u0131n konsantrasyonu ve temas s\u00fcresine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Sterilizasyon: <\/strong>Herhangi bir <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11083 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim51-300x195.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim51-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim51-768x498.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim51-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim51.jpg 837w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\u00fcr\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm mikroorganizmalar\u0131n ve bunlar\u0131n sporlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u015flemidir. Farkl\u0131 sterilizasyon teknikleri mevcuttur. Bunlar; Is\u0131 ile Sterilizasyon (kuru \u0131s\u0131, nemli \u0131s\u0131, yakma), S\u00fczme ile Sterlizasyon (\u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem ile steril edilemeyen maddelerin sterilizasyonunda kullan\u0131l\u0131r), I\u015f\u0131nlama ile Sterilizasyon (UV, gama ve beta \u0131s\u0131nlar\u0131) ve Kimyasal Maddeler ile Sterilizasyon (hidrojen peroksit) \u015feklindedir.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Antimikrobiyal:<\/strong> Bakteri, k\u00fcf, mantar ve hatta vir\u00fcs dahil \u00e7ok geni\u015f yelpazedeki mikroorganizmalar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcren ya da b\u00fcy\u00fcmelerini durduran maddelerdir.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Antibakteriyel: <\/strong>Sadece bakterilere kar\u015f\u0131 etkili olan maddelerdir.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Antifungal:<\/strong> Sadece mantarlara kar\u015f\u0131 etkili olan maddelerdir.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Antiviral:<\/strong> Sadece vir\u00fcslere kar\u015f\u0131 etkili olan maddelerdir.<\/p><h5 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Mikrobiyolojide Canl\u0131 H\u00fccre Say\u0131m\u0131 (D\u00f6kme Plak Y\u00f6ntemi\/Yayma Plak Y\u00f6ntemi)<\/strong><\/h5><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Canl\u0131 h\u00fccre say\u0131m\u0131, uygun bir <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11087 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim53-291x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"291\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim53-291x300.png 291w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim53-768x792.png 768w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim53-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim53.png 983w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 291px) 100vw, 291px\" \/>kat\u0131 besiyeri* \u00fczerinde olu\u015fan kolonilerin say\u0131m\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. \u2019\u2019Bir canl\u0131 h\u00fccre, bir koloni olu\u015fturur.\u2019\u2019 prensibi ge\u00e7erlidir. Orijinal numuneden mikroorganizma say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle seyreltme i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>*Not:<\/strong> Mikroorganizmalar\u0131n geli\u015fimini desteklemek amac\u0131yla laboratuvar ortam\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f besleyici ortamlara besiyeri denir.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Seyreltme A\u015famas\u0131<\/strong><\/p><ol><li>9 ml seyreltme suyu numune t\u00fcplerine ilave edilir.<\/li><li>\u0130yi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f orijinal numuneden 1 mL al\u0131narak, ilk t\u00fcpteki 9 mL seyreltme suyuna ilave edilir. (1\/10 seyreltme; 10<sup>-1<\/sup>)<\/li><li>Vorteks (t\u00fcp kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131) ile ilk seyreltme t\u00fcp\u00fc kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130lk seyreltme t\u00fcp\u00fcnden 1 mL al\u0131narak, ikinci t\u00fcpteki 9 mL seyreltme suyuna ilave edilir (1\/100 seyreltme; 10<sup>-2<\/sup>).<\/li><li>Vorteks ile ikinci seyreltme t\u00fcp\u00fc kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve ikinci seyreltme t\u00fcp\u00fcnden 1 mL al\u0131narak, i\u00e7inde 9 mL seyreltme suyu bulunan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc seyreltme t\u00fcp\u00fcne ilave edilir. (1\/1000 seyreltme; 10<sup>-3<\/sup>)<\/li><\/ol><ol><li>\u0130ste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak seyreltme i\u015flemi devam ettirilir.<\/li><\/ol><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Uyar\u0131:<\/strong> T\u00fcm i\u015flemler aseptik ko\u015fullarda (mikroorganizmalardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ortam) yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ekim A\u015famas\u0131 <\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>D\u00f6kme Plak Y\u00f6ntemi<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><ol><li>Her seyreltme t\u00fcp\u00fcnden <u>1 mL<\/u> numune al\u0131narak, steril bo\u015f petri kaplar\u0131na d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Her seyreltme i\u00e7in \u00e7ift ekim yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>Petrilere yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 mL besiyeri (besiyeri s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 45-50<sup>o<\/sup>C olmal\u0131) d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li><li>Numune ile besiyeri tezgah \u00fczerinde yava\u015f\u00e7a (\u221e \u00e7izerek) kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve besiyerinin kat\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in petriler oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bekletilir.<\/li><li>Petriler ink\u00fcbat\u00f6re yerle\u015ftirilerek, uygun s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve s\u00fcre ink\u00fcbe edilir.<\/li><li>\u0130nk\u00fcbasyon sonunda koloniler say\u0131l\u0131r ve hesaplamalar yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><\/ol><ul><li><strong>Yayma Plak Y\u00f6ntemi<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><ol><li>S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 45-50<sup>o<\/sup>C olan sterilize besiyeri bo\u015f petrinin i\u00e7ine d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr ve besiyeri so\u011fuyup kat\u0131la\u015fana kadar beklenir.<\/li><li>Kat\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f agar besiyerlerinin \u00fczerine her seyreltme t\u00fcp\u00fcnden <u>1 mL<\/u> konulur. Her seyreltme i\u00e7in \u00e7ift ekim yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>Numune, steril cam \u00e7ubuk (drigalski spatula) yard\u0131m\u0131yla agar\u0131n y\u00fczeyine yay\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><li>Petriler ink\u00fcbat\u00f6re yerle\u015ftirilerek, uygun s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve s\u00fcre ink\u00fcbe edilir.<\/li><li>\u0130nk\u00fcbasyon sonunda koloniler say\u0131l\u0131r ve hesaplamalar yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><\/ol><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Koloni Say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Hesaplanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hesaplamada kullan\u0131lan form\u00fcl; <strong>N= C \/ [V x (n1 + 0,1 x n2) x d]<\/strong> \u015feklindedir.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N = Orijinal numunenin 1 mL&#8217;sindeki mikroorganizma say\u0131s\u0131<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C = Say\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm petri kutular\u0131ndaki koloni say\u0131s\u0131 toplam\u0131<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V = Say\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan petri kutular\u0131na aktar\u0131lan hacim (mL)<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">n1= \u0130lk seyreltiden yap\u0131lan say\u0131mlarda say\u0131m yap\u0131lan petri kutusu adedi<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">n2= \u0130kinci seyreltiden yap\u0131lan say\u0131mlarda say\u0131m yap\u0131lan petri kutusu adedi<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">d= Say\u0131m\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k 2 seyreltiden daha konsantre olan\u0131n seyreltme oran\u0131<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u00d6rnek; <\/strong>Yayma plak y\u00f6ntemi uygulanm\u0131\u015f ve her seyreltiden 2 Petri kutusuna ekim yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1\/100 (10<sup>\u20132<\/sup>) Seyreltme: 219 koloni ve 185 koloni say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1\/1000 (10<sup>\u20133<\/sup>) Seyreltme: 28 ve 21 koloni say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>C=<\/strong> 219 + 185 + 28 + 21 = 453<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>V=<\/strong> 0,1 mL (yayma plak y\u00f6ntemi)<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>n1=<\/strong> 2 (10<sup>\u20132<\/sup> seyreltide 2 petri)<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>n2=<\/strong> 2 (10<sup>\u20133<\/sup> seyreltiden 2 petri)<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>d=<\/strong> 10<sup>-2<\/sup> = 0,01<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>N=<\/strong> 453 \/ [0,1 x (2 + 0,1 x 2) x 0,01]<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>N=<\/strong> 205.909,09<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7;<\/strong> 2,1&#215;10<sup>5<\/sup> kob\/mL<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b80412 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b80412\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Tekstil ve Mikroorganizmalar<\/strong><\/h5><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tekstiller, bakteri ve mantar gibi mikroorganizmalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdir. Bunun yan\u0131nda, tekstil liflerine uygulanan apre, k\u0131vamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve tutum de\u011fi\u015ftirici gibi kimyasal maddeler ve kir, mikroorganizmalar i\u00e7in besin kayna\u011f\u0131 haline gelmektedir.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mikroorganizmalar\u0131n tekstillerde \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 hijyenik, fonksiyonel, lekelenme gibi estetik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara neden olmaktad\u0131r. En \u00e7ok sorun yaratan mikroorganizmalar ise, bakteriler ve mantarlard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00e7ok nemli ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, algler de tekstillerde \u00e7o\u011falabilmektedir.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bakteriler, tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde k\u00f6t\u00fc kokuya, kaygan ve yap\u0131\u015fkan bir hisse, biraz da lif hasar\u0131na; mantarlar ise, renk lekelenmelerine, renk solmas\u0131na ve lif hasar\u0131na neden olabilmektedir.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Farkl\u0131 tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine uygulanan antibakteriyel kimyasallar (Biome AM5, Biome AM10 ve Biome NTL gibi) ile daha hijyenik, daha konforlu ve daha uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc bir kullan\u0131m sa\u011flanabilmektedir.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Antibakteriyel i\u015flem uygulanm\u0131\u015f tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin kontrolleri kalitatif ve kantitatif uluslararas\u0131 testlerle yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu uluslararas\u0131 testlerde kullan\u0131lan <em>Escherichia coli<\/em><em>, <\/em><em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em><em>, <\/em><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/em> gibi baz\u0131 mikroorganizmalar\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine de\u011finecek olursak;<\/p><ul><li><strong><em>Escherichia coli<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Memeli hayvanlar\u0131n kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015far. Gram negatif ve \u00e7ubuk \u015feklindedir. Hareketli ve sporsuzdur. Su kayb\u0131 ve ishal tipik bulgular\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><ul><li><strong><em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En yayg\u0131n olarak burun ve bo\u011faz bo\u015flu\u011funu \u00f6rten mukoz dokuda yer al\u0131r. Deride, y\u00fczde, ellerde ve kollarda insan ve hayvanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lar\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle apseli yaralarda, sivilce ve \u00e7\u0131banlarda yo\u011fun olarak bulunur. Gram pozitif ve yuvarlak \u015feklindedir. Hareketsiz ve sporsuzdur. \u00c7o\u011fu toksin* olu\u015fturur. Kusma ve ishal tipik bulgular\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><ul><li><strong><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do\u011fada ve a\u011f\u0131z, deri, ba\u011f\u0131rsakta bulunur. Gram negatif ve \u00e7ubuk \u015feklindedir. Hareketsiz ve soporsuzdur. Kaps\u00fcle (baz\u0131 bakterilerde h\u00fccre duvar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131nda bulunan koruyucu tabaka) sahiptir. Toplum ve hastane kaynakl\u0131 zat\u00fcreye sebep olur. \u00d6nemli bir hastane enfeksiyonu etkenidir ve \u00f6zellikle yeni do\u011fan yo\u011fun bak\u0131m \u00fcnitelerinde salg\u0131nlar olu\u015fturur.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11091 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim60-300x281.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim60-300x281.png 300w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim60-13x12.png 13w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim60.png 601w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11093\" src=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim61-300x246.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"342\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim61-300x246.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim61-15x12.jpg 15w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim61.jpg 684w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 342px) 100vw, 342px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11094\" src=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim62-300x248.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"339\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim62-300x248.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim62-14x12.jpg 14w, https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Resim62.jpg 675w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 339px) 100vw, 339px\" \/><\/p><h5 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Tekstilde Kullan\u0131lan Baz\u0131 Antimikrobiyal Testler<\/strong><\/h5><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Kalitatif Testler:<\/strong><\/p><ol><li><strong>ATCC 147 Tekstil Malzemelerinin Antibakteriyel Etkinli\u011fi: Paralel \u00c7izgi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><ul><li>Steril \u00f6ze yard\u0131m\u0131yla taze bakteri k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden al\u0131n\u0131r ve besiyeri \u00fczerine aralar\u0131nda 10 mm aral\u0131k bulunan, 60 mm uzunlu\u011funda be\u015f adet paralel \u00e7izgi \u00e7izilir.<\/li><li>25&#215;50 mm boyutundaki antibakteriyal i\u015flem g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f kuma\u015f \u00e7izgilerin \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftirilerek, belli s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve s\u00fcre ink\u00fcbasyona kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><li>\u0130nk\u00fcbasyondan sonra zon \u00e7ap\u0131na (inhibisyon b\u00f6lgesi) bak\u0131larak de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130nhibisyon b\u00f6lgesi ne kadar geni\u015fse, mikroorganizma kuma\u015f \u00fczerindeki kimyasaldan o kadar etkilenmi\u015f demektir.<\/li><\/ul><ol start=\"2\"><li><strong>ISO 20645 Tekstil Kuma\u015flar\u0131nda Antibakteriyel Aktivitenin Belirlenmesi: Agar Dif\u00fczyon Plakas\u0131 Y\u00f6ntemi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><ul><li>Petriye 10 ml kadar besiyeri d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr ve kat\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in beklenir. Ard\u0131ndan test numunesi besiyeri \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftirilir.<\/li><li>\u00dcst k\u0131sma belli konsantrasyonda bakteri k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f besiyeri d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr, besiyeri kat\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra petri, belli s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve s\u00fcre ink\u00fcbasyona kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0130nk\u00fcbasyondan sonra zon \u00e7ap\u0131na (inhibisyon b\u00f6lgesi) bak\u0131larak de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><li><strong>JIS L 1902 Tekstil \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn Antibakteriyel Aktivitesinin ve Etkinli\u011finin Belirlenmesi: Zon Y\u00f6ntemi<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Belli konsantrasyonda bakteri k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f besiyeri petri kab\u0131na d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr ve kat\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in beklenir.<\/li><li>Besiyeri \u00fczerine kuma\u015f numunesi yerle\u015ftirilir, belli s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve s\u00fcre ink\u00fcbasyona kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><li>\u0130nk\u00fcbasyondan sonra zon \u00e7ap\u0131na (inhibisyon b\u00f6lgesi) bak\u0131larak de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h5><strong>Kantitatif Testler:<\/strong><\/h5><ol><li><p><strong>ASTM E2149-20 Dinamik Temas Ko\u015fullar\u0131 Alt\u0131nda Sabit Antimikrobiyal Ajanlar\u0131n Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><ul><li>0,5-2 g aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda test kuma\u015f\u0131 ve i\u015flemsiz kuma\u015f haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. \u0130ste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak numuneler steril edilir. 18 saatlik taze bakteri k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc (<em>coli<\/em>) kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 1,5-3&#215;10\u2075 kob\/ml bakteri y\u00fck\u00fcne sahip 50 ml&#8217;lik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tampon \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine sahip \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 erlen haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. Test kuma\u015f\u0131 ve i\u015flemsiz kuma\u015f ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 erlenlere konur. Geriye kalan bir erlende sadece bakteri s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. Erlenler 1 h\u00b15 dk boyunca \u00e7alkalan\u0131r.<\/li><li>Seyreltmeler yap\u0131larak ekimler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Ekimler bittikten sonra petrilere besiyeri ilave edilir ve petriler belli s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve s\u00fcre ink\u00fcbe edilir.<\/li><li>Petrilerdeki bakteri say\u0131mlar\u0131 yap\u0131larak sonu\u00e7 de\u011ferlendirme k\u0131sm\u0131na ge\u00e7ilir. Farkl\u0131 durumlara g\u00f6re, farkl\u0131 form\u00fcller kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><ol start=\"2\"><li><p><strong>ISO 20743 Antibakteriyel Aprelenmi\u015f Kuma\u015flarda Antibakteriyel Aktivitenin Tayini: Absorbsiyon <\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><ul><li>0,4 g a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda test kuma\u015flar\u0131 ve i\u015flemsiz kuma\u015flar haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. Kuma\u015flar steril edilir.<\/li><li>Taze bakteri k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc (<em>Klebsialla pneumoniae<\/em> ve <em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em>) 1-3&#215;10\u2075 kob\/ml olacak \u015fekilde ayarlan\u0131r ve kuma\u015flara bakteri s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r.<\/li><li>Kuma\u015flar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 hemen ekime al\u0131n\u0131rken, di\u011fer yar\u0131s\u0131 belli s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve s\u00fcre ink\u00fcbat\u00f6re konur.<\/li><li>Ekim i\u015fleminde \u00f6nce kuma\u015flara belirli miktarda \u00e7\u00f6zelti eklenir ve iyice kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Seyreltmeler yap\u0131larak ekimler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.<\/li><li>Ekimler bittikten sonra petrilere besiyeri ilave edilir ve petriler belli s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve s\u00fcre ink\u00fcbe edilir.<\/li><li>\u0130nk\u00fcbe edilen kuma\u015flara da ayn\u0131 i\u015flemler uygulan\u0131r.<\/li><li>Koloni say\u0131mlar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, elde edilen sonu\u00e7lar form\u00fclde yerine konularak antibakteriyel aktivite de\u011feri hesaplan\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48525f7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48525f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p class=\"cvgsua\"><span class=\"oypena\"><b>Kaynak<\/b><\/span><\/p><\/div><div><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anasayfa\">https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org<\/a><\/div><div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mikrobiyoloji.org\/TR\/Genel\/Default.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EF4376734BED947CDE\">http:\/\/www.mikrobiyoloji.org<\/a><\/div><div><a href=\"https:\/\/acikders.ankara.edu.tr\/\">https:\/\/acikders.ankara.edu.tr<\/a><\/div><div><span class=\"oypena\"><span class=\"oypena\">\u00a0Canl\u0131 H\u00fccre Say\u0131m\u0131\/Yayma ve D\u00f6kme Plak Y\u00f6ntemleri, Y\u0131ld\u0131z Teknik \u00dcniversitesi, \u00c7evre M\u00fchendisli\u011fi Laboratuvar Dersi; Tekstil Alan\u0131nda Kullan\u0131lan Antimikrobiyal Maddeler, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Mekanizmalar\u0131, Uygulamalar\u0131 ve Antimikrobiyal Etkinlik De\u011ferlendirme Y\u00f6ntemleri, D\u00fczce \u00dcniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi; AATCC 147 Test Method for<\/span><\/span><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Antibacterial Activity of Textile Materials: Parallel Streak; ISO 20645 Textile fabrics \u2014 Determination of antibacterial activity \u2014 Agar diffusion plate test; JIS L 1902 Textiles \u2013 Determination of Antibacterial Activity and Efficacy of Textile Products; ASTM E 2149 Standard Test Method For Determining The Antimicrobial Activity Of Antimicrobial Agents Under Dynamic Contact Conditions; ISO 20743.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f39354\" data-id=\"1f39354\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnleri kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00fczerinde bol miktarda ter, nem, s\u0131cakl\u0131k, kir, \u00f6l\u00fc cilt h\u00fccreleri veya liflerden dolay\u0131 mikrobiyal b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye yatk\u0131nd\u0131r. <\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","cat_sev":[40],"class_list":["post-11064","ova_sev","type-ova_sev","status-publish","hentry","cat_sev-temiz-taze-ve-saglikli"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ova_sev\/11064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ova_sev"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/ova_sev"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11064"}],"version-history":[{"count":37,"href":"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ova_sev\/11064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11165,"href":"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ova_sev\/11064\/revisions\/11165"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"cat_sev","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sardestekstil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cat_sev?post=11064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}